Under this policy, the country accumulates gold and silver, exploits colonies, develops its own manufacturing, limits imports, has high tariffs, etc. Louis encouraged mercantilism as put forth by Colbert. The noble courtiers, however, vied for the king’s attention because he gave them gifts. With the nobles stuck being around Louis with no government positions and not out administering the province of which they were technically the lord, their political power was significantly weakened. He commissioned commoners or newer nobles as intendants, who were his regional agents and administered his government. His big stroke of genius was to surround himself with the nobles at his court, turning them into courtiers instead of government figures. Upon taking control of France in 1661, Louis goes about centralizing power in himself. Louis was a multinational child with French, Spanish, Italian (Medici!) and German royal blood. Anyway, the nobles revolted a couple of times and Louis XIV didn’t forget it. There’s even juicy speculation he and the queen, Anne, were secretly married after Louis XIII’s death. He, however, cheesed off the nobles because of high taxes and this centralization. Mazarin was a very effective leader who worked to consolidate power in the king. He didn’t take personal control of France until the death of his First Minister, Cardinal Mazarin, when Louis was 23. Louis XIV Was king of France for 72(!) years, from 1643 when he was a few months shy of five years old until 1715 when he died at almost 77. He was also the villain in the Three Musketeers. He revoked some protestant rights, such as the control of certain cities. The Edict’s terms had already been eroded by Cardinal Richelieu, Louis the XIII’s powerful advisor. It caused a French brain drain when 200,000 to 500,000 protestants emigrated from France to other European countries, taking their talents with them. The Edict winds up getting revoked in 1685 by Louis XIV. It was also the first time in Europe that there was any kind of royal religious tolerance wherein people of the minority religion were allowed to practice it even when it was not the ruler’s religion. It was the first in France that protestants were treated as anything but heretics to be stamped out. The Edict gave protestants various civil rights including holding office, private worship, limited public worship, freedom of conscience, guarantee of safety, and others. He also issued the Edict of Nantes in 1598. He converted to Catholicism in order to do so. King Henry IV Prince Henry of Navarre eventually becomes King Henry IV in 1589. The estimated death toll over the several weeks and cities ranges from 10,000 to 100,000. The killing spread to other cities when they got word of what happened in Paris. Commoners hunted protestants, barring streets so they couldn’t leave.
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Huguenots nobles were dragged out of the palace and killed in the streets.
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The Catholics were afraid the Huguenots would commit violence, so they struck first. Many Huguenots were in Paris because of the marriage and an assassination attempt was made on a prominent Huguenot. They were also put out at the display of luxury when the farming had been bad recently. The very Catholic population of Paris was incensed at the idea of this marriage. Catherine de Medici, the queen, was marrying her daughter to Henry of Navarre, a Huguenot prince.
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Religious wars in France Between 15, France is rocked by a series of religious wars between the Catholics and the protestant (Calvinist) Huguenots.